17^th International Conference on Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology Sept 24-25, 2018 Montreal | Quebec | Canada

Alexandre de Alcântara graduated in 1993, and since 1995, he is a reference in the treatment of musicians in Brazil. In 2012, at the request of Mr. Alcântara, the Brazilian Federal Council of Dentistry reformulated its procedures and approved a regulation that benefited all Brazilian wind instrumentalists, giving them the status of patients with special needs within Dentistry. Author of books, articles and various publications, Mr. Alcântara has already been interviewed by many television channels, as well as by important media in the dental and musical areas in Brazil and abroad.

The rehabilitation of the performance of wind musicians through dental treatment requires an understanding of dental materials and protocols, as well as a knowledge of the physiology of mandibular movements of the musician during musical performance. A wind musician, he has developed for years a coordinated action of several muscles - of the mouth, lips, chin and face - that regulates the opening and closing of the lips. The embouchure, as is often known, also acts as a region that separates the instrument from the lips. This double function - control of the opening and protection of the lips - allows a small area of the lips to produce rapid vibrations that, consequently, will alter the air column inside the instrument, producing the musical notes. The function of Dentistry as a whole is aimed at preserving the oral health of all people, promoting the maintenance of all the functions for which the oral system is prepared. It is up to the dental surgeon to examine and diagnose the possible lesions that affect the stomatognathic system both in the common sense, the one that treats the individual who does not use his mouth as an aid to the occupational activity, as of the one who does it. Wind musicians place or support part of their instrument in the lips and buccal structures. This support can cause or can be affected by injuries that need to be studied. The lack of research in this sense to find possible injuries in these professionals may be creating a gap in our dental activity. The amount of wind instruments in the world is incalculable, especially when we analyze the diverse tribes and cultures spread around the world. In this sense, I propose to open debates about these professionals and how their oral structures are affected.

Presently, Dr Farrukh Faraz is involved in teaching both the undergraduates & post graduate students at Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi , India. Had completed his MDS in 2002 . Research expertise include involvement in an extensive research project under the aegis of Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Govt. of India, where he is involved in Designing & manufacturing a state of art Implant system best suited to conditions of the Asian Subcontinent. Has more than 18 publications in National & International Journals.

Introduction: Regeneration has been the most sought after & also a rather elusive goal in Periodontics. This may be partly due to the mechanical, bacterial, thermal insults to which the oral cavity is subjected to time & again. Often the patient's report with soft and hard tissue defects result from a variety of causes, such as infection, trauma, and tooth loss. However, with the advances in biomaterials as well as techniques of Bone Allograft processing, there have been huge strides made in achieving the regenerative end result. With the advent of dental Implants, & to ensure prosthetically -driven dental implant therapy, reconstruction of the alveolar bone through a variety of regenerative surgical procedures has become more predictable. Reconstructive osseous surgeries include socket preservation, sinus augmentation, and horizontal and vertical ridge augmentation. The scope of use bone grafts in Periodontics is ever increasing Therefore, this case series aims at illustrating the application of different Bone grafts & their substitutes in varied situations for achieving optimal results for various therapies. Conclusion: There exist many techniques & graft materials suited for different situations & achieving different objectives. An evidence based approach & extensive literature review could help the clinician in judicious treatment planning to achieve the desired objective.

Craniofacial tissue and stem cell laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

The efficacy of cisplatin (CIS) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) against squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) remains restricted due to their severe toxic side-effects on non-cancer (normal) tissues. Recently, the broccoli extract sulforaphane (SF) was successfully tested as a combination therapy targeting cancer cells. However, the effect of lower doses of CIS or 5-FU combined with SF on SCCHN remained unknown. This study tested the chemotherapeutic efficacies of SF combined with much lower doses of CIS or 5-FU against SCCHN cells aiming to reduce cytotoxicity to normal cells. Titrations of SF standalone or in combination with CIS and 5-FU were tested on SCCHN human cell lines (SCC12 and SCC38), and non-cancerous human cells (fibroblasts, gingival, and salivary cells). Concentrations of SF tested were comparable to those found in the plasma following ingestion of fresh broccoli sprouts. The treatment effects on cell viability, proliferation, DNA damage, apoptosis and gene expression were measured. Our results revealed that SF reduced SCCHN cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. SF-combined treatment increased the cytotoxic activity of CIS by two folds and of 5-FU by ten folds against SCCHN, with no effect on non-cancerous cells. SF-combined treatment inhibited SCCHN cell clonogenicity and post-treatment DNA repair. SF increased SCCHN apoptosis and this mechanism was due to a down-regulation of BCL2 and up-regulation of BAX, leading to an up-regulation of Caspase3. In conclusion combining SF with low doses of CIS or 5-FU increased cytotoxicity against SCCHN cells, while having minimal effects on healthy cells. The combined treatment may be of therapeutic benefit in clinical settings in reducing the toxic side effects of chemotherapy and increasing its effect. Our data, combined with the works of others, suggest that SF can be used with lower doses of chemotherapy as co-treatments to the benefits of the patients.

Professor

Oral cancer is one of the major global threats to public health. The development of oral cancer is a tobacco-related multistep and multifocal process involving field cancerization and carcinogenesis. In India, where the habits of chewing tobacco with betel nut, reverse smoking and heavy alcohol usage are common, there is a striking incidence of oral cancer, which accounts for as many as 30-40% of all cancers. About 90% of oral cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs).15Tumor markers are the substances, which quantitatively change in serum, during tumor development. Tumor markers have now been introduced in the diagnosis of malignant lesions. One such tumor marker is serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In the present study, an attempt was made to correlate the level of serum LDH with premalignant lesions/conditions and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study was carried out to evaluate the role of serum LDH as a biochemical marker in different grades of OSCC before and after treatment. Estimation of LDH level in serum was done by an auto analyzer for spectrometry, and the statistical analyse was done by Anova. The mean value of serum LDH with lesions is 272.66IU/L and a SD of 81.06 in comparison with control group of 226.55IU/L and 59.27 respectively. The intergroup comparison of pre treatment levels of serum LDH was significantly higher in poorly differentiated than well and moderately differentiated OSCC.(447.73IU/L, 514.36IU/L,636.64IU/L respectively).There was a decline in the serum LDH after treatment within 6months . Serum LDH level can serve as a biochemical tool in assessing the malignant potential of premalignant lesions. Estimation of serum LDH may be used to screen the cases of oral malignancy as an adjunct to diagnosis. Serum LDH can be used as a prognostic marker and for decision making in treatment modalities. Keywords: Enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, oral squamous cell carcinoma, premalignant lesion, serum